• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:
    A method of abrasive blasting of a building item, such as for abrasive cleaning of a building surface, the method comprising the steps of providing a blowing agent, the blowing agent comprising an amount of substantially particulate abrasive for grinding the building blank, and the blowing agent comprising an amount of tracing compound comprising material other than the abrasive, grinding the surface of the building material with the blowing agent, thereby producing a contaminated product, wherein the contaminated product comprises at least parts of the blowing agent and material abrasive-blown from the surface, collecting at least parts of the contaminated product and using the tracer to determine a proportion of abrasive-blown material in the collected contaminated product. A blowing agent comprising tracer, abrasive and other material.
    公开号:DK201870305A1
    申请号:DKP201870305
    申请日:2018-05-17
    公开日:2020-01-03
    发明作者:Hougaard Thomas；Christiansen Torben
    申请人:KH miljø ApS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a method for abrasive blasting of a building item, such as for abrasive cleaning of a building surface. The abrasive blowing is done with a blowing agent and may allow the determination of the proportion of blown material in a product consisting of blowing agent and blown material. The invention further relates to an abrasive blowing agent according to the method of the invention. The blowing agent consists of a mixture of abrasive and tracer and can enable determination of the proportion of blown material in a product consisting of blowing agent and blown material after a blowing task.
    Sandblasting is a mechanical process known today for use in, for example, grinding, cleaning or polishing a workpiece. The present invention relates to abrasive blasting, especially for cleaning, of a building workpiece, in particular in connection with renovation of a building. Typically, the abrasive is particulate, i.e. particulate, for example, grinding sand, which is blown against the workpiece to be cleaned at high speed, typically by means of compressed air. The interaction of the sand particles at high speed with the surface of the workpiece causes the abrasive and scouring effect. The intensity of the grinding may vary depending on the choice of, for example, abrasive, grain size and speed. Typically, an abrasive blower apparatus may be used which may comprise a compressed air device providing the air pressure for the abrasive blower, an abrasive container and a nozzle device for mixing and disposing of a high velocity jet of abrasive particles and air. In addition, sprayed water can be added to the abrasive to reduce the spread of the abrasive, air, and in this case water, as well as dust emitted from the building workpiece or spent abrasive in connection with the abrasive. The abrasive-blasted material and spent abrasive can be collected on an ongoing basis. with a collection device forming part of the abrasive blower, either manually or automatically, after the abrasive blowing is performed. The abrasive blower may be modularly constructed, ie. so that one or more of said components may be removable and / or may be permanently mounted or be a mobile device.
    In the method according to the invention, such an abrasive blower can be used.
    DK 2018 70305 A1
    As mentioned, the abrasive may be particulate and is often true, but a wide variety of materials can be used depending on the scope and type of the task, including for example alusicilicate, copper slag, carborondum, perlite, dry ice or carbogrit (composted and briquetted sewage sludge), / or PU sponges with iron shavings (where the blowing agent is sorted). Such abrasives and others may also be used in connection with the present invention.
    In sandblasting today it is usually only possible to reuse a blowing agent within the same building site, as the authorities often require a high degree of security for identification and quantification of the contaminated product resulting from the sandblasting, ie. abrasive and blown material, to allow recycling of the contaminated abrasive product. Furthermore, it is often not permitted today to recycle such contaminated product on construction sites where the same substances for which the blowing agent has already been used must be cleaned. Therefore, the contaminated product must often be disposed of as waste and, in particular, as so-called hazardous waste, which may involve significant costs to the developer. Hazardous waste can be produced, for example, by cleaning leaded paint.
    If the contaminated product can be recycled as an abrasive, it must be documented that it is sufficiently cleansed, which can be done, for example, in a sorting plant for cleaning impurities in the blowing agent. Similarly, such documentation may involve significant costs and difficulties. This means that if a blowing agent is recycled today, it often only happens at the same construction site, after which it is disposed of. This means that a new blowing agent must be used for each new abrasive blowing task.
    This problem is exacerbated by the fact that such contaminated product that has been used to sand blast items containing substances classified as hazardous waste by the Authority, such as leaded paints, must, by applicable rules, often be classified as hazardous waste of the same type, although the concentration of hazardous waste in the abrasive does not actually exceed the limits set by the authority for hazardous waste. This produces today one
    GB 2018 70305 A1 large amount of waste classified as hazardous and thus must be disposed of in accordance with more stringent regulations, which often involves landfill of the waste, which can be associated with further significant costs and environmental damage.
    This often also means that the abrasive can only be used once, as government regulation is often formulated to reduce the risk of dilution and dispersion of environmentally hazardous substances by recycling the blowing agent from abrasive blasting to abrasive blasting. This further results in an increased amount of waste to be disposed of, as well as additional consumption of blowing agent.
    The large quantities of blowing agent to be produced and disposed of result in a large consumption of resources, both in materials for the production of blowing agent, but also in the cost and time of the developer as well as a considerable environmental impact.
    Waste from the construction industry, especially from renovation projects, is where today the largest quantities of waste are often produced in the community as such, and the prospect of reducing the amount of waste and consumption of materials can therefore have a significant impact on both the environment and construction costs.
    US 5324356 A discloses a tracer in a cement-based building material for identification of a manufacturer of the material.
    It is an object of the invention to address, reduce or solve one or more of the above problems.
    In a first aspect, the invention seeks to address one or more of these and / or other objects by a method of abrasive blasting of a building item, such as for abrasive cleaning of a building surface, the method comprising the steps of:
    - providing a blowing agent, wherein the blowing agent comprises an amount of substantially particulate abrasive for grinding the building material, and wherein the blowing agent comprises an amount of trace element mixed with the abrasive, the tracer comprising a material other than the abrasive, and / or wherein the tracer has at least one traceable physical property, which is differentDK 2018 70305 A1 is conducted than the same physical property of the abrasive,
    - grinding the surface of the building material with the blowing agent, thereby producing a contaminated product, the contaminated product comprising at least parts of the blowing agent and material abrasive-blown from the surface,
    - collecting at least parts of the contaminated product and
    - using the tracer to determine a proportion of abrasive-blasted material in the contaminated product collected.
    An advantage of the method according to the invention may be to enable determination of an amount of blown material in the collected contaminated product from a blowing task. This may similarly allow the proportion of the blown material, which may include potentially hazardous waste material, to be determined in the contaminated product. This, in turn, can have the significant advantage of enabling sufficient security to comply with regulatory requirements to classify the contaminated product against the hazardous waste limits set by the authorities. This in turn may open the possibility of reusing the contaminated product as blowing agent in one or more additional blowing tasks which may be at other construction sites if the concentration of hazardous waste in the contaminated product is below the set limits. This can reduce the consumption of resources for the production of new blowing agents and thus protect the environment while saving both time and money for the procurement and preparation of new blowing agents. In addition, a significantly reduced environmental impact can be achieved.
    Typically, the present invention will be found relevant to the renovation or demolition of one or more buildings or the like.
    Abrasive blasting ”can also be referred to as“ blow grinding ”and is a known method of cleaning building objects or removing a surface layer. A particulate material, such as sand, is blown by compressed air to a surface, such as a wall, whereby the particles of the material abut the surface and surface material such as paint is released. This causes the surface to be blown off. For example, abrasive blowing can be performed with a flow of air and / or blowing agent of at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 or 10 l / s.
    DK 2018 70305 A1
    The term "contaminated product" in the present specification is potentially understood to mean a product comprising abrasive blowing agent and tracer contaminated with or mixed with a blown material and does not necessarily imply that the blown material comprises hazardous materials or the like. The blown material may comprise the same material as the blowing agent and / or other materials.
    Similarly, a "building item" can potentially be understood as a building or part of a building of any kind and / or any type of building construction such as a bridge, a road or the like. Similarly, a building surface can be understood as a surface of such a building or construction as, for example, a wall, a wall, a facade, a ceiling, a road, a beam, a pillar, a pillar or a roof.
    A "blowing agent" can potentially be understood to include or substantially consist of an abrasive for abrasive blowing as well as tracer material other than the abrasive. The blowing agent may also comprise, for example, air, water or other liquids or impurities of various kinds. The abrasive and the tracer in can be distributed substantially uniformly in the blowing agent, i.e. so that in different sample volumes of the blowing agent there is substantially the same amount or weight percent of the tracer.
    'Particulate' can potentially be understood to be extensive or synonymous with granular, particulate and / or granular.
    Similarly, 'abrasive' can potentially be understood as an agent used for blow grinding of the building work, and / or having suitable properties for achieving the mechanical grinding which can be obtained or sought to be obtained in connection with blow grinding of the building work.
    The abrasive may comprise or substantially consist of one or more materials selected from the group consisting of perlite, carborondum, carbogrit (composted and briquetted wastewater sludge), steel balls, iron shavings, PU sponges with iron shavings, nutshells, fruit kernels, dry ice, metal, sand, plastics or minerals. The abrasive may also comprise or consist of materials other than those mentioned.
    'Tracer' can potentially be understood as any traceable material, ie. the quantity and / or type of which can be identified by a technical method
    DK 2018 70305 A1 as for example when measuring refraction or double refraction of light, absorption of certain wavelengths of light, radioactivity, color, etc. by means of the human eye or some other method of technical analysis. A tracer ”could potentially include several different trace elements, materials, elements, etc.
    A tracer may, in the context of the present invention, potentially have about the same properties as the abrasive with respect to weight and / or size and / or other properties. The tracer may comprise or be a dye or abrasive applied to a dye or mixed colored particles, ceramics, glass, colored glass, metal or minerals such as alusilicate, flint, quartz, cristobalite, olivine, yarn, corundum, spinel, carborundum, fluorescent fabric and diamond. Alternatively, a tracer may comprise a DNA tracer, or similar DNA-traceable material, for example, as used today in connection with theft protection of objects such as cars. Alternatively, a tracer may comprise or consist of other types of materials traceable to the abrasive used and / or the blown-off material. A tracer may comprise the same one or more of the same materials as the abrasive, but may be traceable separately from the abrasive used and / or the blown off material; for example, one type of abrasive may be used as the abrasive and another type of abrasive as tracer in the abrasive. Here, the type of abrasive may include any suitable property or variation of the abrasive; for example, as a tracer, an abrasive type of substantially the same material as the abrasive may be used, but having a different hue or other property than the abrasive, where the hue must be sufficiently different from the abrasive hue for the above analyzes to implemented. Particles of the tracer may be distributed randomly and / or substantially uniformly in the blowing agent.
    A "traceable physical property" as used in the present specification may be any physical property which allows a tracer to be distinguished from another material, in particular from the abrasive and / or the blown material, using any of the following: preferably suitable method of analysis. The tracer and material may be of the same material or substantially the same material, for example in that the tracer has a traceable physical property in form
    DK 2018 70305 A1 of a different color or hue than the material. Other examples of traceable properties are the properties of the tracer in relation to refraction or double refraction of light with respect to the material, the tracer absorption of certain wavelengths of light and the hardness of the tracer, transparency, size, shape, shape and so on.
    The following table lists a number of selected potentially suitable tracers, indicating possible Vickers hardness, refractive index and refractive index, as well as notes with selected possible, potentially beneficial properties of each tracer.
    Mineral <S y Cl I - vi 1 ä ISLANDISLAND§ Yes notes |VHI N -Alu silicate 6D0 1.52 - Much or less brownish color after the amount of iron oxide dissolved in the glass. The more iron oxide the higher the light refraction. Flint, SiO 2 1050 1.52 - Characteristic gritty look. Can be mistaken for clay particles. Quartz, SiOi 1200 1.54 0009 The particles are seen with very little relief in liquid with N = 1.54. The highest occurring in the lower die is in the second order. Cristobalite, SiO 2 - 1.48 0003 Cristobalite has come to the fore when heating flint. At 1300 ° C, it is a submicroscopic crystalline particle. Cristobalite is colorless and has negative fluid relief with N = 1.54. olivine 800 1,71-1.78 0.04 Olivine is determined to determine that the mineral is colorless, has strong positive relief, and a birefringence much higher than quartz (ie, high interference coloration). The mineral also has cleavability that can be seen occasionally. Gamet (grenade, almondine) 800 1.79 0 Commonly used as blowing sand most often in connection with stainless steel surface treatment. Great positive relief and no interference colors. Corundum (95% AkOs) 1800 1.77 - May find occasional blowing sand. Brownish p.g.a. iron content. No cleavage. Trigonal birefringence as quartz. Clear relief in methylene iodide light refractive fluid, no cleavability spinel 1400 1.72 - Spinel is produced in smaller quantities for use as refractory stones. Caborundum SiC 2400 1.55 - Large production as abrasive. Very suitable for separation in immersion weak, N = 1.54 from quarter. Diamond 10000 2.42 - Fix an affordable price like dust. Does not appear in construction waste with great certainty. Stained Glass 400 1,46-1.71 - Can be produced by specification.
    A "blasted material" can potentially be understood as the material or waste material that has been blasted or cleaned from a building workpiece in connection with a blast workpiece.
    Collecting the contaminated product can potentially be done by sweeping
    GB 2018 70305 A1 the product together and / or shovel it up and / or to place it in suitable containers, such as a big bag, and / or to suck or blow it for collection by means of a suitable apparatus.
    Determination of a proportion of the abrasive-blown material in the collected contaminated product may be, for example, by visual or otherwise optical counting of the amount of blowing agent particles in a sample of the contaminated product, after which the amount of particles of blown-off material may be similarly determined, or a chemical analysis of a sample of the contaminated product or a measurement of radioactivity in the sample of the contaminated product.
    "Bleeding task" can potentially be understood as the work or part of the work associated with blowing off a building item, for example as part of a renovation task or a demolition task of one or more buildings or building structures, and can be performed, for example, on a building site and / or a building site. building work and / or a building material where abrasive blasting work is performed.
    "Building material" can potentially be understood as a material comprising or consisting essentially of one or more building materials such as paint or paint residue, concrete or concrete residues (including cement, sand, gravel and stone), wood, metal and minerals and their compounds, plastic, brick, stone, plaster, sand, slag, etc.
    Another advantage of incorporating a tracer into the blowing agent may be to enable determination of the type of abrasive or blowing agent. This can be done by associating a type of abrasive with a specific tracer. Thus, it may be possible to determine the type of abrasive, for example in a portion of blowing agent, by identifying the tracer. This may further have the advantage of providing full or partial traceability of a blowing agent from the time the tracer is added to the blowing agent, for final or partial disposal or recycling, which may open the possibility of reusing a blowing agent in more than one construction site or in more than one blow-off task. , as it is possible to determine which waste substances the blowing agent has been used for abrasive blowing, as well as the amount of waste generated in the Danish market 2018 can be determined by means of bookkeeping of the blowing agent.
    Thus, a further advantage of incorporating a tracer into the abrasive may be to enable the determination of a proportion of abrasive-blasted material in a contaminated product. It can open the way to determine the amount of waste in the contaminated product. This in turn may determine the proportion of one or more potentially hazardous wastes in the contaminated product, which may allow the classification of the contaminated product in relation to the limits set by the authorities for hazardous waste, which in turn allows for the recycling of the contaminated product. for additional abrasive blasting tasks at the same or other construction sites or in connection with other blasting tasks.
    In another or supplemental embodiment, the method is used in connection with a specific building renovation and / or building demolition.
    In another or supplemental embodiment, the method comprises the step of grinding and screening the contaminated product to form a fraction of the contaminated product of a particular grain size prior to the step of determining a proportion of abrasive blasted material in the contaminated product. The particular grain size can be between 0.01 to 0.15 mm, 0.02 to 0.14 mm, 0.03 to 0.13 mm, 0.04 to 0.12 mm, 0.05 to 0.11 mm or 0.06 to 0.1 mm. The particular grain size may also be over 0.005 mm, 0.006 mm, 0.007 mm, 0.008 mm, 0.009 mm, 0.01 mm, 0.015 mm, 0.02 mm, 0.025 mm, 0.03 mm, 0.035 mm, 0.04 mm , 0.045 mm, 0.05 mm. The particular grain size may also be less than 0.2 mm, 0.19 mm, 0.18 mm, 0.17 mm, 0.16 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.14 mm, 0.13 mm, 0.12 mm, 0.11 mm or 0.1 mm.
    In another or supplemental embodiment, the tracer may be dissolved or otherwise contained in a liquid which may be a material other than the tracer. For example, the tracer may be or comprise a liquid mixed with another liquid, and / or the tracer may be or comprise a solid, potentially a particulate solid, mixed with a liquid. This facilitates easier application to or admixture of the tracer in the abrasive. Such a liquid may be, for example, water with a binder or binder
    DK 2018 70305 A1 or may be a paint or varnish or the like, for example a clear varnish. After application or admixture, it may be relevant to allow the liquid to dry up or cure, thereby potentially bonding the tracer to the abrasive. The tracer itself may be a liquid, such as a paint or varnish or the like, and may be clear or colored.
    In another or supplemental embodiment, a workpiece may be cleaned in stages, for example, in one or more layers, for example, by a surface or stages of different materials, using blowing agents which may include different tracers and / or different abrasives for each stage or each layer or different material of the subject. The contamination of the contaminated product may similarly occur in stages; for example, after cleaning each layer or cleaning each different material or after each different blowing agent can be collected.
    An advantage of cleaning in stages may be to enable the use of a particularly suitable or effective abrasive for each layer or material. In addition, it may have the advantage of keeping different wastes separate in separate contaminated products. This can be done, for example, by collecting the contaminated product after each stage. This may give the additional advantage of allowing the contaminated product to be disposed of with the specific waste according to the methods particularly suitable for this purpose. It may also have the advantage of having to dispose of only a single smaller portion of the contaminated product rather than the large portion that has been used to purify the complete item. In addition, by using blowing agents with different tracers for cleaning each layer or material, it may be possible to trace each contaminated product from each layer or material and ensure that the contaminated product and the waste materials it contains in the form of blasted material, is disposed of in accordance with applicable regulations.
    In another or supplemental embodiment, the method comprises the step of providing the blowing agent by admixing a tracer in the abrasive, the tracer being composed of the same material as the abrasive, but comprising one or more optical properties different from the abrasive. A soDK 2018 70305 A1 dan property can be a color or a hue. An advantage of this may be that the abrasive and / or polishing and / or cleaning properties of the blowing agent are not significantly affected, especially if the physical properties of the tracer otherwise correspond to the abrasive.
    In another or supplemental embodiment, the method is used in connection with a specific building renovation and / or building demolition.
    In another or supplemental embodiment, the blowing agent is associated with a specific blowing task prior to abrasive blowing by means of a tracer. This can be done by posting and associating the type of tracer with the blowing agent, if applicable. along with the information on which substances occur during the blow-off task to be performed. An advantage of associating the blowing agent with a specific blowing task prior to sanding can be to provide full traceability from before use for disposal or recycling.
    In one embodiment of the method of the invention, the blowing agent comprises from 0.0001 to 10, 0.001 to 8, 0.01 to 5, 0.1 to 3, 0.1 to 2.0.1 to 1, 0.5 to 1, 0.5 to 2, 0.5 to 3, 0.5 to 4, 0.5 to 5, 0.5 to 6, 1 to 5, or 2 to 4% by weight of the tracer, where the abrasive may further potentially make up the rest of the or essentially the rest of the blowing agent. Similarly, the blowing agent may comprise less than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001% by weight of the tracer and / or more than 0.0001, 0.001, 0 , 01, 0.1, 1.2, 3 or 4% by weight of the trace element. If there is too little tracer, for example corundum (also called corundum and / or corundum), in the blowing agent, it can cause the tracer to not be traced with sufficient precision. If there is too much tracer, the abrasive properties of the blowing agent can be adversely affected.
    In another or supplemental embodiment, at least a portion of or substantially all of the abrasive in the blowing agent has a grain size of 0.001 to 5 mm, 0.002 to 3.8 mm, 0.002 to 3.6 mm, 0.002 to 3.4 mm, 0.002 to 3.2 mm, 0.002 to 3 mm, 0.002 to 2.8 mm, 0.002 to 2.6 mm, 0.002 to 2.4 mm, 0.002 to
    2.2 mm, 0.002 to 2 mm, 0.005 to 2 mm, 0.01 to 2 mm, 0.05 to 2 mm, 0.1 to 2 mm, 0.5 to 2 mm, 0.75 to 2 mm, 1 to 2 mm, 0.005 to 3.6 mm, 0.01 to 3.4 mm, 0.05 to 3.2 mm, 0.1 to 3 mm, 0.3 to 2.8 mm, 0.5 to 2.6 mm, 0.7 to 2.4 mm
    DK 2018 70305 A1 and / or 0.75 to 2.2 mm.
    "Grain size" of a particle may potentially be alternatively referred to as particle size "and may be understood as a diameter or greatest spatial extent or size of the particle in any direction. A grain size can be determined by a texture analysis, which is performed by sieving through a whole series of decreasing mesh sizes.
    In another or supplemental embodiment, the blowing agent comprises at least 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85 or 90% by weight of the abrasive.
    In another or supplemental embodiment, the tracer is mixed in the abrasive at the same time as the abrasive blowing, for example by applying the tracer to the abrasive immediately before leaving the abrasive blowing apparatus. For example, the tracer can be stored in a tank separately from the abrasive.
    In another or supplemental embodiment, the blowing agent is made by mixing a certain amount of abrasive with a certain amount of tracer. It can be done in an automated process or manually.
    In another or supplemental embodiment, the method comprises the additional step: after grinding, to associate the contaminated product with a specific blasting task, then to potentially compare the contaminated product with the associated specific blasting task, and then to potentially determine a type of the grinding-blasted material in the contaminated material. product using the associated specific blow off task.
    An advantage of associating the contaminated product with a specific blow job after grinding can be that it is possible to use the tracer to document where the contaminated product has been used. Thus, the contaminated product can potentially be traced back to the associated blow-off task by identifying the tracer. Thus, by posting the substances that can or will be blown off by a specific blowing task, it may be possible to determine the possible substances (in the form of abrasive-blown material) that the contaminated product contains or may contain.
    Comparison of the contaminated product with a specific AF 2018 70305 A1 blow job can be accomplished by marking the contaminated product, potentially by affixing a barcode or label or pressing or otherwise affixing an identification to a container such as the contaminated product. collected in, either before, in connection with or after collection. The bar code or label can be posted in a register so that a specific blow job is associated with a building site, part of a construction site, a time for a blow job, a building item and / or possible substances that appear on the building item to be sandblasted.
    By comparing the contaminated product with the associated specific blow-off task, it can be possible to ensure that, when recycling the contaminated product for a new blow-off task, waste materials that do not appear in the new blow-off task are dispersed.
    In addition, by posting and / or registering a blowing agent containing a specific type of tracer for a specific blowing task, it may be possible, by identifying the tracer in the contaminated product, to determine the specific blowing task for which the blowing agent has been used and what possible substances in the form of blasted material that can be found in the contaminated product.
    In another or supplemental embodiment, the method further comprises determining the proportion of abrasive-blasted material in the contaminated product collected to determine an amount of the trace element in the contaminated product. An advantage of this may be that one predetermined analytical method can be used to determine the amount of the trace element in the contaminated product and thus the amount of the blown material in the contaminated product, regardless of the type of blown material.
    In another or supplemental embodiment, the tracer is particulate or in fluid form. An advantage of a particulate tracer may be that it may come very close to or completely imitate the properties of the particulate abrasive. An advantage of a fluid form tracer may be that it can be mixed with the abrasive so that the abrasive particles absorb the tracer and traceability of the blowing agent can potentially be achieved without any or any significant effect on the abrasive properties.
    In another or supplemental embodiment, the method comprises determining an amount of the trace element in the contaminated product by an optical or visual manual or automatic counting under or by means of a microscope, by chemical quantification or by measuring radioactivity. An optical count can be performed by means of a microscope and / or spectroscopy where the amount of blowing agent particles is determined by analyzing the absorption of different wavelengths of light in a sample of the collected contaminated product. Subsequently, the amount of particles of blown material or the amount of blowing agent particles in the sample of the collected contaminated product can be determined by analyzing the amount of birefringence in the sample and then the amount of particles of blown material can be determined, potentially by a simple calculation.
    A chemical quantification of the amount of trace element in the contaminated product can be done by chemical analysis of a sample of the contaminated product. For example, it can be done by mixing the sample with a specific chemical, which can cause a chemical reaction that can form a reaction product. The amount of reaction product formed can then be used to calculate the amount of tracer and thereby the amount of blowing agent and thereby again the amount of blown material in the sample.
    Measuring radioactivity to determine the amount of trace element in the contaminated product can be performed by measuring the radioactivity in a sample of the contaminated product. The radioactivity measurement can then similarly be used to calculate the amount of trace element in the sample of the contaminated product and thus the amount of blowing agent, which allows calculation of the amount of blown material in the sample.
    In another or supplemental embodiment, the method further comprises an analysis of a material composition or content of one or more materials, such as hazardous substances, in the building workpiece or in or at a surface thereof. This analysis can be performed before or after the abrasive blowing, whereby an amount of a specific material in the blown material can be determined as explained above. Against this background, corresponding calculationsDK 2018 70305 A1 can be calculated as a proportion of the specific material in the contaminated product and this proportion can be registered.
    In another or complementary embodiment, one or more or all of said analysis results are recorded in an electronic or manual recording system.
    In another or supplemental embodiment, a proportion of a specific material in the contaminated product is compared with a limit value, and it is potentially determined from this whether the contaminated product can be reused, for example, for a new potentially similar blow-off task.
    In another or supplemental embodiment, the contaminated product was renamed as blowing agent in another building site or in another blowing task or for blowing off another building item or for another purpose, for example, as building material. The method of blowing off the second building item can potentially be according to the first aspect of the invention or one of the embodiments thereof.
    In another or supplemental embodiment, the tracer or tracer comprises essentially one or more of the substances selected from the group consisting of radioactive isotopes, ceramics, glass, dye, alusilicate, flint, quartz, cristobalite, olivine, yarn, corundum, spinel, carborundum, diamond or other minerals, fluorescent substance or a DNA tracer.
    In another aspect, the present invention relates to a blowing agent for use in the abrasive blowing method according to the invention, the blowing means comprising:
    an amount of mainly particulate abrasive for grinding the building material and an amount of trace element mixed with the abrasive, wherein the tracer comprises a material other than the abrasive, wherein at least a portion of the abrasive has a grain size of 0.002 to 4 mm and the blowing agent comprises at least 50% by weight of the abrasive. a grain size of 0.002 to 4 mm, wherein the tracer comprises or consists essentially of one or more of the substances selected from the group consisting of radioactive isotopes, ceramics, glass,
    DK 2018 70305 A1 dye, alusilicate, flint, quartz, cristobalite, olivine, yarn, corundum, spinel, carborundum, diamond or other minerals, fluorescent substance and a DNA tracer.
    The blowing agent according to the second aspect of the invention can be used as the blowing agent in the method according to the first aspect of the invention. In addition, the blowing agent according to the second aspect of the invention may itself include one or more of the features described above or as obtained or used in any of the embodiments of the first aspect of the invention.
    The present invention relates in a third aspect to a contaminated product which comprises the blowing agent according to the second aspect of the invention as well as a building material which is a material other than the blowing agent. The building material may, in the third aspect of the invention itself, further comprise one or more of the features described above or as obtained or used in any of the embodiments of the first aspect of the invention.
    In a fourth aspect, the invention relates to the use of the blowing agent according to the second aspect of the invention for blow grinding of a building workpiece, potentially for blow grinding according to the first aspect of the invention or one of the embodiments thereof.
    Example
    The following describes a detailed example of implementation in practice of the first to fourth aspects of the present invention.
    First, the blowing agent is produced in an automated process using a disposing and mixing apparatus. A user selects the type and quantity respectively. abrasive and tracer, after which the disposing and mixing apparatus supplies the selected amounts of abrasive and tracer to a mixing chamber. In the present example, the blowing agent comprises approx. 95% by weight of abrasive in the form of quartz sand and approx. 5% by weight of trace element in the form of particulate alusilicate. In the mixing chamber, the abrasive and the tracer are mixed together to produce a uniform blowing agent, ie. a blowing agent where
    DK 2018 70305 A1 the tracer is distributed substantially uniformly in the abrasive.
    Then, using the type of tracer, the blowing agent is associated and recorded for a specific blow job in an electronic recording system on a computer. In the registration system, the bleeding task is associated with the various particularly hazardous waste materials, which, based on an initial analysis of the facade, are expected to occur in the task. Then, the finished blowing agent is filled into a big bag or other suitable container, applied with a unique barcode label attached to the blowing agent in the registration system and transported to the building site or the like where it is used for abrasive blowing of a building item in the form of a building facade.
    At the construction site, the blowing agent is supplied to an abrasive blowing apparatus as described in the preamble above, after which the facade is abrasive blown with the abrasive supplied with compressed air as described above in a closed or sealed cabin covered with plastic.
    After grinding using the grinding device, the contaminated product, which mainly consists of the spent blowing agent and the grinding-blown material from the building's facade, is collected by suction with a suction device and stored in a big bag, which is applied to a new label with another unique bar code. associated with the contaminated product in the registration system.
    Subsequently, a sample of approx. 10 cm3 from the contaminated product in a sample container for analysis. The sample container is affixed to a label with the same bar code as on the big bag with the contaminated product and sent to a laboratory for analysis.
    In the laboratory, part of the contaminated product is spread on a microscope surface. It is then determined by visual inspection that the sample comprises the tracer alusilicate and this is noted in the recording system. From the information in the registration system it can then be unambiguously determined that the contaminated product in said big bag originates from the specific grinding task, and this is noted in the registration system.
    In the same operation, a count of trace particles in the contaminated product is performed by means of an optical analysis, namely a visual opDK 2018 70305 A1 count under the microscope, and the amount of trace element in the sample is determined from the known weight of the trace particles in relation to the weight of the sample.
    Based on the amount of tracer in the sample, the amount of blowing agent in the sample is then calculated using the associated data in the register of the abrasive and tracer mixing ratios in the blowing agent.
    Based on a simple calculation, the proportion of abrasive-blasted material in the sample is then determined, after which the proportion of abrasive-blasted material the collected contaminated product can easily be calculated.
    For example, if said preliminary analysis shows that the surface of the facade which is expected to be abrasive-blasted contains approx. 1% of a specific type of hazardous waste, it can be assumed that the abrasive-blasted material correspondingly comprises 1% of the specific type of hazardous waste.
    Against this background, a proportion of the specific hazardous waste type in the contaminated product can be calculated, and this proportion can be registered in the registration system.
    If the proportion of the specific type of hazardous waste in the contaminated product is below a limit value set by the authorities for recycling the blowing agent, the contaminated product can then be classified in the registration system as being recyclable as a blowing agent in a new blowing task.
    The contaminated product is then used as a blowing agent in a new blow-off task which can be performed substantially similarly as described above in the present example.
    This results in significant environmental benefits and cost savings as described above.
    experiments
    A total of 16 experiments have been carried out with one embodiment of the method according to the first aspect of the invention.
    Four different abrasives were mixed with a trace substance in the form of 0.5% by weight corundum as a tracer to provide a blowing agent according to the invention.
    DK 2018 70305 A1 is another aspect of the invention.
    Four different blowing agents were produced with four different abrasives, namely alusilicate, "" quartz 1 "," "quartz 2" and "" quartz 3 ". Quartz 1-3 had different grain sizes.
    Subsequently, each blowing agent was used to grind four different building blocks respectively, in the form of concrete gravel ("BG"), the concrete grate ("BS"), red bricks ("BM") and a plastered surface ("BP") in a closed cabin. Each item was abrasive blown with blowing agent equal to 8 kg / m2. This produced a total of 16 different contaminated products, each according to the third aspect of the invention. Then the individual contaminated product, comprising the blown off material and used blowing agent, was collected as far as possible.
    Subsequently, a sample of 20 or 50 g was taken from each contaminated product for grinding and screening using an agate-mortar method or a sling mill method as described below.
    In the mortar method, a sample of 20 g or 50 g, which is crushed into cylinders in smaller portions, was taken out. 5 times.
    The sample is ground in an agate mortar in fairly small portions, after which particles with a grain size greater than 90 μm are sieved with a 90 μm sieve. This is a grain size commonly used in laboratory and microscope examination.
    The fraction of the grain size sample above 90 μm was re-treated in the mortar and the procedure was continued until a sieve residue of particles with a grain size above 90 μm of 10% ± 2% was used. Weighed along the way. sieving until there was a screening residue of 10% ± 2% of the weight of the sample taken. The sieve residue was not used any further.
    The resulting fraction of the grain size sample below 90 µm was washed (rinsed) free of dust on a 63 µm sieve, and the resulting grain size fraction between 63-90 µm was dried and weighed.
    In the sling mill method (quartz only), a 20 or 50 g sample is placed in the clean mill. In the sling mill there was room for 2 samples at a time, which sat balanced opposite. It has been shown by experiments that there is to be ground in
    DK 2018 70305 A1 approx. 30 min. The sample holder was opened for all samples after 20 minutes, the sample was screened on a 90 μm sieve, and it was assessed from experience how many minutes to be milled in addition. Grinding, sieving and weighing until the 90 μm sieve residue was 10% ± 2%. The total painting time was approx. 30 min.
    The fraction of the grain size sample below 90 µm was washed through a 63 µm sieve, after which the resulting grain size fraction between 63 - 90 µm was dried and weighed.
    Next, an analysis was performed using quantitative microscopy as described below.
    In the quantitative microscopy, a weight was carefully prepared and with a click dispenser 0.6 mg ± 0.05 mg sample of the grain size fraction between 90 - 63 µm was placed on a slide. 3 drops of immersion oil with a known refraction were added with drop pipette. The immersion oil filled completely under the coverslip.
    For quartz blowing as well as alusilicate blowing, the refractive index (sound refractive index) of the immersion oil was 1.54.
    The corundum used (Al2 O3) had a refractive index of 1.76. As a result of the high refraction relative to the immersion oil, the corundum was seen with very clear relief (similar to mountains and is clearly visible), while quartz is only visible through the polarization interference. Alusilicate is seen by the light brown color, by not polarizing the light and by having low relief.
    The 0.6 mg sample material corresponded to 1000 particles ± 20 particles. It can be demonstrated, partly by calculating the number of particles by the weight of particles with a median of 77 μm corresponding to 0.6 mg, and partly by counting the number found on the slide by the weight 0.6 mg .
    The slide with the sample and immersion oil was then placed under a polarization microscope mounted with a cross table (used to run the slide in east-west trajectories during scanning), allowing the entire cover glass area to be scanned for corundum particles. The number of corundum particles was counted and recorded during the scan. This was done as described above by counting and recording (manually) each corundum particle identified in the sample using their large relief.
    DK 2018 70305 A1
    The results of the entire study comprising 16 trials are shown in the table below.
    Sampleno. Material Abrasive Sample weight in g fraction63-90 µm in g Weight of blowing agent in kg Used blowing agent in kg The weight of the workpiece before cleaning in kg The weight of the workpiece cleaned in kg Al2O3 per 1000 particles BG 1 Concrete Sand /-gravel Quartz 1 50.0 9.2 0.70 0.68 Not measured Not measured 5 BG 2 Concrete Sand /-gravel Quartz 2 50.0 9.8 0.70 0.68 Not measured Not measured 7 BG 3 Concrete Sand /-gravel Quartz 3 50.0 9.2 0.70 0.68 Not measured Not measured 4 EVX 4 * Concrete Sand /-gravel Alusilikat 50.0 6.1 0.70 0.68 Not measured Not measured 6 BS 1 concrete East Quartz 1 50.0 11.3 0.70 0.66 Not measured Not measured 3 BS 2 * concrete East Quartz 2 20.0 5.2 0.70 0.68 Not measured Not measured 6 BS 3 concrete East Quartz 3 20.0 6.2 0.70 0.68 Not measured Not measured 3 BS 4 * concrete East Alusilikat 20.0 2.1 0.70 0.68 Not measured Not measured 7 BM 1 Red bricks Quartz 1 50.0 10.2 0.60 0.56 Not measured Not measured 5 BM2 Red bricks Quartz 2 50.0 10.5 0.60 0.58 Not measured Not measured 6 BM 3 Red bricks Quartz 3 50.0 7.5 0.60 0.58 Not measured Not measured 6 BM 4 * Red bricks Alusilikat 20.0 6.2 0.60 0.58 Not measured Not measured 9 BP 1 Plastered flat Quartz 1 50.0 9.1 0.60 0.90 5.98 5.60 5 BP 2 Plastered flat Quartz 2 50.0 7.2 0.60 0.90 6.12 5.76 0 BP 3 Plastered flat Quartz 3 50.0 7.3 0.60 0.94 6.06 5.60 5 BP 4 * Plastered flat Alusilikat 20.0 5.4 0.60 0.88 6.30 5.92 4
    specimens are crushed with mortar, others are crushed in sling mill
    In contrast to all other results, sample number BP2 showed that there was not
    DK 2018 70305 A1 was the corundum in the sample. Repeating the analysis of the sample yielded the same result, and the explanation is probably that an error was made as no corundum tracer was added. This results in a random test.
    Mean number of particles for the series of the 15 samples (Phased BP2) was 5.4 ± 1.5 per 1000 particles, which is satisfactorily close to the added amount of 5% corundum. Essentially, the entire amount of tracer added was seen to be traceable in the samples.
    It is also seen that, for example, the increase of material in the contaminated product that occurred by cleaning the plaster on brick had no effect on the detection of corundum. This may be because a large part of this was ground and washed out because it was finer than 63 µm.
    It is also seen that there is no difference whether crushing was used in agate mortar or sling mill.
    Furthermore, it is seen that there is no difference in the use of some grain size distribution for quartz.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    patent claims
    A method for abrasive blasting of a building item, such as for abrasive cleaning of a building surface, the method comprising the steps of:
    - providing a blowing agent, wherein the blowing agent comprises an amount of substantially particulate abrasive for grinding the building material, and wherein the blowing agent comprises an amount of trace element mixed with the abrasive, the tracer comprising a material other than the abrasive, and / or wherein the tracer has at least one traceable physical property, which is different from the same physical property of the abrasive,
    - grinding the surface of the building material with the blowing agent, thereby producing a contaminated product, the contaminated product comprising at least parts of the blowing agent and material abrasive-blown from the surface,
    - collecting at least parts of the contaminated product and
    - using the tracer to determine a proportion of abrasive-blasted material in the contaminated product collected.
    [2]
    The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the further step:
    after grinding, to associate the contaminated product with a specific blasting task, then potentially comparing the contaminated product with the associated specific blasting task, and then potentially determining a type of the grinding-blown material in the contaminated product by means of the associated specific blasting task.
    [3]
    The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the determination of the proportion of abrasive-blown material in the contaminated product collected comprises determining an amount of the trace element in the contaminated product.
    [4]
    A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the tracer is particulate or fluid.
    [5]
    A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the determination of an amount of trace element in the contaminated product takes place by an optical count under a microscope or by a chemical quantification or by a measurement of radioactivity.
    DK 2018 70305 A1
    [6]
    A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the amount of the trace element in the blowing agent is from 0.0001 to 10% by weight of the blowing agent.
    [7]
    A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the tracer comprises or substantially consists of one or more of the substances selected from the group consisting of radioactive isotopes, ceramics, glass, dye, alusilicate, flint, quartz, cristobalite, olivine. , yarn, corundum, spinel, carborundum, diamond and other minerals, fluorescent and DNA tracer.
    [8]
    A blowing agent for use in the abrasive blowing method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the blowing agent comprises:
    an amount of substantially particulate abrasive for grinding the building material and an amount of trace element mixed with the abrasive wherein the tracer comprises a material other than the abrasive and / or wherein the tracer has at least one traceable physical property which is different from the same physical property of the abrasive, wherein at least a portion of the abrasive having a grain size of 0.002 to 4 mm, and wherein the blowing agent comprises at least 50% by weight of the abrasive having a grain size of 0.002 to 4 mm, and wherein the tracer comprises or substantially consists of one or more of the substances selected from the group consisting of of radioactive isotopes, ceramics, glass, dye, alusilicate, flint, quartz, cristobalite, olivine, yarn, corundum, spinel, carborundum, diamond and other minerals, fluorescent substance and DNA tracer.
    [9]
    A contaminated product comprising the blowing agent of claim 8 as well as a building material which is a material other than the blowing agent.
    [10]
    Use of the blowing agent according to claim 8 for blow-grinding a building workpiece.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DK180018B1|2020-01-22|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    2020-01-03| PAT| Application published|Effective date: 20191118 |
    2020-01-22| PME| Patent granted|Effective date: 20200122 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DKPA201870305A|DK180018B1|2018-05-17|2018-05-17|Method of abrasive blasting of a building item as well as a blowing agent|DKPA201870305A| DK180018B1|2018-05-17|2018-05-17|Method of abrasive blasting of a building item as well as a blowing agent|
    EP19174896.1A| EP3570026A3|2018-05-17|2019-05-16|Method with tracing agent for detecting a quantity of building material|
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